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Full Text of Human Rights Record of the UnitedStates in 2011

Updated: 2012-05-25 21:42

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BEIJING - The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China published a report titled "The Human Rights Record of the United States in 2011" here Friday. Following is the full text:

Human Rights Record of the United States in 2011

State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China

May 25, 2012

The State Department of the United States released its Country Reports on Human RightsPractices for 2011 on May 24, 2012. As in previous years, the reports are full of over critical remarks on the human rights situation in nearly 200 countries and regions as well as distortions and accusations concerning the human rights cause in China.

However, the United States turned a blind eye to its own woeful human rights situation and kept silent about it. The Human Rights Record of the United States in 2011 is hereby prepared to reveal the true human rights situation of the United States to people across the world and urge the United States to face up to its own doings.

I. On Life, Property and Personal Security

The United States has mighty strength in human, financial and material resources to exert effective control over violent crimes. However, its society is chronically suffering from violent crimes, and its citizens' lives, properties and personal security are in lack of proper protection.

A report published by the US Department of Justice on September 15, 2011, revealed that in2010 the US residents aged 12 and above experienced 3.8 million violent victimizations, 1.4million serious violent victimizations, 14.8 million property victimizations and 138,000 personalthefts.

The violent victimization rate was 15 victimizations per 1,000 residents (www.bjs.gov). The crime rate surged in many cities and regions in the United States. In the southern region of theUnited States, there were 452 violent crimes and 3,438.8 property crimes per 100,000inhabitants (in 2010) on average (The Wall Street Journal, September 20, 2011).

Just four weeks into 2011, San Francisco saw eight homicides -- compared with five during the same time of the previous year, with Oakland racking up 11, when the previous year in the same period it had four (The San Francisco Chronicle, January 29, 2011). Grand larcenies in the subway in New York City increased from 852 in 2010 to 1,075 cases in the first nine months of 2011, a 25 percent jump (The China Press, September 24, 2011).

Homicide cases in Detroit in 2011 saw a 13.5 percent rise over 2010 (www.buzzle.com).Between January and October 2011, a total of 123,924 serious crime cases took place inChicago (portal.chicago police.org).

An anti-bullying public service announcement declared in January 2011 that more than six million schoolchildren experienced bullying in the previous six months (CNN, March 10, 2011).According to statistics from the Family First Aid, almost 30 percent of teenagers in the UnitedStates are estimated to be involved in school bullying (www.familyfirstaid.org).

The United States prioritizes the right to keep and bear arms over the protection of citizens lives and personal security and exercises lax firearm possession control, causing rampant gun ownership. The US people hold between 35 percent and 50 percent of the world' s civilian-owned guns, with every 100 people having 90 guns (Online edition of the Foreign Policy,January 9, 2011).

According to a Gallup poll in October 2011, 47 percent of American adults reported that they had a gun. That was an increase of six percentage points from a year ago and the highestGallup had recorded since 1993. Fifty-two percent of middle-aged adults, aged between 35and 54, reported to own guns, and the adults' gun ownership in the south region was 54percent (The China Press, October 28, 2011).

The New York Times reported on November 14, 2011, that since 1995, more than 3,300felons and people convicted of domestic violence misdemeanors had regained their gun rights in the state of Washington and of that number, more than 400 had subsequently committednew crimes, including shooting and other felonies (The New York Times, November 14, 2011).

The United States is the leader among the world's developed countries in gun violence andgun deaths. According to a report of the Foreign Policy on January 9, 2011, over 30,000Americans die every year from gun violence and another 200,000 Americans are estimated to be injured each year due to guns (Online edition of the Foreign Policy, January 9, 2011).

According to statistics released by the US Department of Justice, among the 480,760 robbery cases and 188,380 rape and sexual assault cases in 2010, the rates of victimization involving firearms were 29 percent and 7 percent, respectively (www.bjs.gov). On June 2, 2011, a shooting rampage in Arizona left six people dead and one injured (The China Press, June 3, 2011).

In Chicago, more than 10 overnight shooting incidents took place just between the evening ofJune 3 and the morning of June 4 (Chicago Tribune, June 4, 2011). Another five overnight shootings occurred between August 12 evening and August 13 morning in Chicago. These incidents have caused a number of deaths and injuries (Chicago Tribune, August 13, 2011).

Shooting spree cases involving one gunman shooting dead over five people also happened in the states of Michigan, Texas, Ohio, Nevada and Southern California (The New York Times,October 13, 2011; CNN, July 8, 2011; CBS, July 23, 2011;USA Today, August 9, 2011). High incidence of gun-related crimes has long ignited complaints of the US people and they stage multiple protests every year, demanding the government strictly control the private possession of arms. The US government, however, fails to pay due attention to this issue.

II. On Civil and Political Rights

In the United States, the violation of citizens' civil and political rights is severe. It is lying to itself when the United States calls itself the land of the free (The Washington Post, January 14, 2012).

Claiming to defend 99 percent of the US population against the wealthiest, the Occupy WallStreet protest movement tested the US political, economic and social systems. Ignited by severe social and economic inequality, uneven distribution of wealth and high unemployment,the movement expanded to sweep the United States after its inception in September 2011.

Whatever the deep reasons for the movement are, the single fact that thousands of protesters were treated in a rude and violent way, with many of them being arrested -- the act of willfully trampling on people' s freedom of assembly, demonstration and speech -- could provide a glimpse to the truth of the so-called US freedom and democracy.

Almost 1,000 people were reportedly arrested in first two weeks of the movement, according toBritish and Australian media (The Guardian, October 2, 2011). The New York police arrested more than 700 protesters for alleged blocking traffic over Brooklyn Bridge on October 1, and some of them were handcuffed to the bridge before being shipped by police vehicles(us chinapress.com, October 3, 2011). On October 9, 92 people were arrested in New York(The New York Times, October 15, 2011).

The Occupy Wall Street movement was forced out of its encampment at Zuccotti Park and more than 200 people were arrested on November 15 (The Guardian, November 25, 2011).Chicago police arrested around 300 members of the Occupy Chicago protest in two weeks(The Herald Sun, October 24, 2011). At least 85 people were arrested when police used teargas and baton rounds to break up an Occupy Wall Street camp in Oakland, California onOctober 25. An Iraq war veteran had a fractured skull and brain swelling after being allegedl yhit in the head by a police projectile (The Guardian, October 26, 2011).

A couple of hundred people were arrested when demonstrations were staged in different US cities to mark the Occupy Wall Street movement' s two-month anniversary on November 17 (USA Today, November 18, 2011). Among them, at least 276 were arrested in New York only.Some protesters were bloodied as they were hauled away. Many protesters accused the police of treating them in a brutal way (The Wall Street Journal, November 18, 2011). As a US opinion article put it, the United States could be considered, at least in part, authoritarian. (TheWashington Post, January 14, 2012).

While advocating press freedom, the United States in fact imposes fairly strict censoring and control over the press and "press freedom" is just a political tool used to beautify itself and attack other nations. The US Congress failed to pass laws on protecting rights of reporters news sources, according to media reports. An increasing number of American reporters lost jobs for "improper remarks on politics."

US reporter Helen Thomas resigned for critical remarks about Israel in June 2010 ( "Report:On the situation with human rights in a host of world states," the website of the Ministry ofForeign Affairs, Russia, December 28, 2011).

While forcibly evacuating the Zuccotti Park, the original Occupy Wall Street encampment, theNew York police blocked journalists from covering the police actions. They set cordon lines to prevent reporters from getting close to the park and closed airspace to make aerial photography impossible.

In addition to using pepper spray against reporters, the police also arrested around 200journalists, including reporters from NPR and the New York Times (us china press.com,November 15, 2011).

By trampling on press freedom and public interests, these actions by the US authorities caused a global uproar. US mainstream media' s response to the Occupy Wall Street movement revealed the hypocrisy in handling issues of freedom and democracy.

Poll by Pew Research Center indicated that in the second week of the movement, reports onthe movement only accounted for 1.68 percent of the total media reports by nationwide mediaorganizations.

On October 15, 2011, when the Occupy Wall Street movement evolved to be a global action,CNN and Fox News gave no live reports on it, in a sharp contrast to the square protest inCairo, for which both CNN and Fox News broadcast live 24 hours.

The US imposes fairly strict restriction on the Internet, and its approach "remains full of problems and contradictions." (The website of the Foreign Policy magazine, February 17, 2011) "Internet freedom" is just an excuse for the United States to impose diplomatic pressure and seek hegemony.

The US Patriot Act and Homeland Security Act both have clauses about monitoring theInternet, giving the government or law enforcement organizations power to monitor and block any Internet content "harmful to national security."

Protecting Cyberspace as a National Asset Act of 2010 stipulates that the federal government has "absolute power" to shut down the Internet under a declared national emergency.

According to a report by British newspaper the Guardian dated March 17, 2011, the US military is developing software that will let it secretly manipulate social media sites by using fake online personas, and will allow the US military to create a false consensus in online conversations,crowd out unwelcome opinions and smother commentaries or reports that do not correspond with its own objectives. The project aims to control and restrict free speech on the Internet(The Guardian, March 17, 2011).

According to a commentary by the Voice of Russia on February 2, 2012, a subsidiary under the US government' s security agency employed several hundred analysts, who were tasked with monitoring private archives of foreign Internet users in a secret way, and were able to censor as many as five million micro-blogging posts.

The US Department of Homeland Security routinely searched key words like "illegal immigrants," "virus," "death," and "burst out" on Twitter with fake accounts and then secretly traced the Internet users who forwarded related content.

According to a report by the Globe and Mail on January 30, 2012, Leigh Van Bryan, a British,prior to his flight to the US, wrote in a Twitter post, "Free this week, for quick gossip/prep before I go and destroy America?"

As a result, Bryan along with a friend were handcuffed and put in lockdown with suspected drug smugglers for 12 hours by armed guards after landing in Los Angeles InternationalAirport, just like "terrorists" .

Among many angered by the incident in Britain, an Internet user posted a comment, "What's worse, being arrested for an innocent tweet, or the fact that the American Secret Servicemonitors every electronic message in the world?" (The Daily Mail, January 31, 2012)

The US democracy is increasingly being influenced by capitalization and becoming a systemfor "master of money." Data issued by the US Center for Responsive Politics in November2011 show that 46 percent of the US federal senators and members of the House ofRepresentatives have personal assets of more than a million dollars.

That well explains why US administration' s plans to impose higher tax on the rich who earnmore than one million dollars annually have been blocked in the Congress (www.finance-ol.com).

As a commentary put it, money has emerged as the electoral trump card in the US politicalsystem, and corporations have a Supreme Court-recognized right to use their considerablefinancial muscle to promote candidates and policies favorable to their business operations andto resist policies and shut out candidates deemed inimical to their business interests (Onlineedition of Time, January 20, 2011).

According to a media report, nearly two thirds of all the contributions that the chairman of theHouse Financial Services Committee received during the 2010 election cycle came fromindustries regulated by his committee. A ranking Democrat Representative on the AgricultureCommittee, who served as chairman between 2007 and 2010, saw a 711 percent increase in contributions from groups regulated by his committee and a 274 percent increase in contributions over all, in the same period (The New York Times, November 16, 2011).According to a Washington Post report on August 10, 2011, nearly eight in 10 of American spolled were dissatisfied with the way the political system is working, with 45 percent saying they are very dissatisfied (The Washington Post, August 10, 2011).

The US continued to violate the freedom of its citizens in the name of boosting security levels(The Washington Post, January 14, 2012). The Electronic Frontier Foundation in 2011released a report, "Patterns of Misconduct: FBI intelligence violations from 2001-2008," which reveals that domestic political intelligence apparatus spearheaded by the Federal Bureau ofInvestigation, continues to systematically violate the rights of American citizens and legal residents. The report shows that the actual number of violations that may have occurred from2001 to 2008 could approach 40,000 possible violations of law, Executive Order, or other regulations governing intelligence investigations.

The FBI issued some 200,000 requests and that almost 60 percent were for investigations ofUS citizens and legal residents (www.pacific freepress.com). The New York Times reported onOctober 20, 2011, that the FBI has collected information about religious, ethnic and national-origin characteristics of American communities (The New York Times, October 20, 2011).

According to a Washington Post commentary dated January 14, 2012, the US government canuse "national security letters" to demand, without probable cause, that organizations turn over information on citizens' finances, communications and associations, and order searches of everything from business documents to library records. The US government can use GPS devices to monitor every move of targeted citizens without securing any court order or review(The Washington Post, January 14, 2012).

Abuse of power, brutal enforcement of law and overuse of force by US police have resulted inharassment and hurt to a large number of innocent citizens and have caused loss of freedomof some people or even deaths.

According to a report carried by the World Journal on June 10, 2011, the past decade sawincreasing stop-and-frisks by the New York police, which recorded an annual of 600,000 casesin 2010, almost double of that in 2004. In the first three months of 2011, some 180,000 peopleexperienced stop-and-frisks, 88 percent of whom were innocent people (World Journal, June10, 2011). In early July of 2011, two police officers beat a mentally ill homeless man to death inOrange County, Southern California (FoxNews.com, September 21, 2011).

In August 2011, North Miami police shot and killed a man carrying realistic toy gun (The NYDaily News, September 1, 2011). On Jan. 8, 2011, a Central California man was shot and killed by the police, who thought of him as a gang member only because the jacket he was wearing was red, "the chosen color of a local street gang." (www.kolotv.com, January 19, 2011)

In May 2011, Arizona' s police officers raided the home of Jose Guerena and shot him dead in what was described as an investigation into alleged marijuana trafficking. However, the police later found nothing illegal in his home (The Huffington Post, May 25, 2011). Misjudged and wrongly-handled cases continued to occur. According to media reports, Anthony Graves, aTexas man, was imprisoned for 18 years for crimes he did not commit (CBS News, June 22, 2011).

Forty-six-year-old Thomas Haynesworth spent 27 years in prison after being arrested at the age of 18 for crimes he didn't commit (Union Press International, December 7, 2011). Eric Caine, who was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment after being tortured by police into confessing to two murders, spent nearly 25 years behind bars.(Chicago Tribune, June 13, 2011).

The US lacks basic due lawsuit process protections, and its government continues to claim the right to strip citizens of legal protections based on its sole discretion (The Washington Post,January 14, 2012). The National Defense Authorization Act, signed December 31, 2011, allows for the indefinite detention of citizens (The Washington Post, January 14, 2012). The Act will place domestic terror investigations and interrogations into the hands of the military and which would open the door for trial-free, indefinite detention of anyone, including American citizens,so long as the government calls them terrorists (www.forbes.com, December 5, 2011).

The US democracy is increasingly being influenced by capitalization and becoming a system for "master of money." Data issued by the US Center for Responsive Politics in November2011 show that 46 percent of the US federal senators and members of the House ofRepresentatives have personal assets of more than a million dollars.

That well explains why US administration' s plans to impose higher tax on the rich who earn more than one million dollars annually have been blocked in the Congress (www.finance-ol.com).

As a commentary put it, money has emerged as the electoral trump card in the US political system, and corporations have a Supreme Court-recognized right to use their considerable financial muscle to promote candidates and policies favorable to their business operations and to resist policies and shut out candidates deemed inimical to their business interests (Onlineedition of Time, January 20, 2011).

According to a media report, nearly two thirds of all the contributions that the chairman of theHouse Financial Services Committee received during the 2010 election cycle came from industries regulated by his committee. A ranking Democrat Representative on the AgricultureCommittee, who served as chairman between 2007 and 2010, saw a 711 percent increase in contributions from groups regulated by his committee and a 274 percent increase in contributions over all, in the same period (The New York Times, November 16, 2011).According to a Washington Post report on August 10, 2011, nearly eight in 10 of American spolled were dissatisfied with the way the political system is working, with 45 percent saying they are very dissatisfied (The Washington Post, August 10, 2011).

The FBI issued some 200,000 requests and that almost 60 percent were for investigations ofUS citizens and legal residents (www.pacific free press.com). The New York Times reported onOctober 20, 2011, that the FBI has collected information about religious, ethnic and national-origin characteristics of American communities (The New York Times, October 20, 2011).

Abuse of power, brutal enforcement of law and overuse of force by US police have resulted in harassment and hurt to a large number of innocent citizens and have caused loss of freedom of some people or even deaths.

According to a report carried by the World Journal on June 10, 2011, the past decade saw increasing stop-and-frisks by the New York police, which recorded an annual of 600,000 cases in 2010, almost double of that in 2004. In the first three months of 2011, some 180,000 people experienced stop-and-frisks, 88 percent of whom were innocent people (World Journal, June10, 2011). In early July of 2011, two police officers beat a mentally ill homeless man to death inOrange County, Southern California (FoxNews.com, September 21, 2011).

The US remains the country with the largest "prison population" and the highest per capita level of imprisonment in the world, and the detention centers' conditions are terrible. According to the US Department of Justice, the number of prisoners amounted to 2.3 million in 2009 an done in every 132 American citizens is behind bars.

Meanwhile, more than 140,000 are serving life sentences ("Report: On the situation with human rights in a host of world states," the website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Russia,December 28, 2011). According to a Los Angeles Times report on May 24, 2011, in aCalifornia prison, as many as 54 inmates may share a single toilet and as many as 200prisoners may live in a gymnasium (Los Angeles Times, May 24, 2011).

According to data issued by the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the estimated number of prison and jail inmates experiencing sexual victimization totaled 88,500 in the US between October2008 and December 2009 (www.bjs.gov). Since April 2011, officials stopped serving lunch on It has not yet approved any international labor organization convention in the last 10 years.Moreover, the United States lacks effective arbitration system to deal with enterprises thatrefuse to make compromise with the employees. The New York Times reported on December12, 2011, that at last count, 13.3 million people were officially unemployed and that 5.7 millionof them had been out of work for more than six months (The New York Times, December 12, 2011).

The unemployment rate was 8.9 percent for 2011 (www.bls.gov), and the unemployment ratefor American youth between 25 and 34 stood at 26 percent in October of that year (The WorldJournal, November 18, 2011), with more underemployed. A total of 84 metropolitan areasreported jobless rates of at least 10.0 percent, and El Centro, California, recorded the highestunemployment rate of 29.6 percent in September of 2011 (www.bls.gov). The unemployedpeople suffered from not only financial pressures but also mental pressures including anxietyand depression.

There is a widening of the gap between the extreme top and bottom (The USA Today,September 13, 2011), showing apparent unfair wealth distribution. The United States claims tohave a large population of middle class, making up 80 percent of its total population, whilethere is only very few impoverished and extremely rich people (The China Press, October 13, 2011).

However, this is not the truth. According to the report issued by the US Congressional BudgetOffice (CBO) on October 25, 2011, the richest one percent of American families have the fastest growth of family revenue from 1979 to 2007 with an increase of 275 percent for after-tax income, while the after-tax income of the poorest 20 percent grew by only 18 percent (TheWorld Journal, October 26, 2011).

Cable News Network reported on February 16, 2011, that in the last 20 years, incomes for 90percent of Americans have been stuck in neutral, while the richest 1 percent of Americans have seen their incomes grow by 33 percent. Economic Policy Institute published a paper onOctober 26, 2011, saying that in 2009 the ratio of wealth owned by the wealthiest one percent to the wealth owned by median household was 225 to 1 (www.epi.org). Besides, in the UnitedStates, the best-off 10 percent made on average 15 times the incomes of the poorest 10percent (Reuters, December 9, 2011).

The wealthiest 400 Americans have 1.5 trillion US dollars' worth of assets (The China Press,October 13, 2011), or the same combined wealth as the poorest half of Americans -- over 150million people (www.curry democrats.org). The annual incomes of the richest 10 chief executive officers (CEO) were enough to pay the salary of 18,330 employees (The World Journal,October 16, 2011). Roughly 11 percent of Congress members had net worth of more than $9million, and 249 members were millionaires.

The median net worth: $891,506, was almost nine times the typical household (The USAToday, November 16, 2011). A commentary by the Spiegel said that the US has developed into an economic entity of "winners take all." American politician Larry Bartels said that fundamental shifts in wealth allocation was caused by political decisions rather than the Contrary to the wealthiest 10 percent, the number of Americans living in poverty as well aspoverty rate continued to hit record high, which is a great irony in the affluent America.

A report published by the Census Bureau on September 13, 2011, showed that 46.2 millionpeople lived below the official poverty line in 2010, 2.6 million more than 2009, hitting thehighest record since 1959. The report also said that the percentage of American who livedbelow the poverty line in 2010 was 15.1 percent, the highest level since 1993.

An analysis done by the Brookings Institution estimated that at the current rate, the recession would have added nearly 10 million people to the ranks of the poor by the middle of the decade. According to the analysis, 22 percent of children were in poverty (The New YorkTimes, September 13, 2011).

Another survey showed that 12 states of the U.S had poverty rates above 17 percent, withMississippi's poverty rate standing at 22.4 percent (The Huffington Post, October 21, 2011).The US has grown into a country dependent on food stamps (Reuters, August 22, 2011).

The percentage of Americans who did not have enough money to buy food grew from 9percent in 2008 to 19 percent in 2011 (The World Journal, October 15, 2011). In 2010, 17.2million households, or 14.5 percent, were food insecure (www. World hunger. org). In 2011, 46million Americans lived on food stamps, about 15 percent of the total population, up 74 percent from 2007 (Reuters, August 22, 2011).

consequences of market forces or financial crisis (The Spiegel, October 24, 2011).
the weekend in some US prisons as a way to cut food-service costs.

About 23,000 inmates in 36 prisons are eating two meals a day on Saturdays and Sundays instead of three (The New York Times, October 20, 2011). Harsh conditions and treatment in prisons have caused recurring protests and suicides of inmates.

There were two major hunger strikes in California prisons staged by a total of more than 6,000and 12,000 prisoners in July and October 2011, respectively, to protest against what they call harsh treatment and detention conditions (CNN, October 4, 2011; The New York Times, July 7, 2011).

According to a Chicago Tribune report on July 20, 2011, since 2000, at least 175 youths have attempted to kill themselves inside Department of Juvenile Justice lockup facilities in Chicago and seven youths committed suicide.

The UN Special Rapporteur on Torture in a 2011 report noted that in the Untied States an estimated 20,000 to 25,000 individuals are being held in isolation, and the US government in2011 for two times turned down the Special Rapporteur's request for a private and unmonitored meeting with detainees held in isolation.

III. On Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

The United States is the world's richest country, but quite a lot of Americans still lack guarantee for their economic, social and cultural rights that are necessary for personal dignity and self-development.

The United States has not done enough to protect its citizens from unemployment. At no time in the last 60 years had the country's long-term unemployment been so high for so long as it was in 2011. It has been one of the Western developed countries that provide the poorest protection over laborer's rights.

It has not yet approved any international labor organization convention in the last 10 years.Moreover, the United States lacks effective arbitration system to deal with enterprises thatrefuse to make compromise with the employees. The New York Times reported on December12, 2011, that at last count, 13.3 million people were officially unemployed and that 5.7 millionof them had been out of work for more than six months (The New York Times, December 12, 2011).

The unemployment rate was 8.9 percent for 2011 (www.bls.gov), and the unemployment rate for American youth between 25 and 34 stood at 26 percent in October of that year (The WorldJournal, November 18, 2011), with more underemployed. A total of 84 metropolitan areas reported jobless rates of at least 10.0 percent, and El Centro, California, recorded the highest unemployment rate of 29.6 percent in September of 2011 (www.bls.gov). The unemployed people suffered from not only financial pressures but also mental pressures including anxiety and depression.

There is a widening of the gap between the extreme top and bottom (The USA Today,September 13, 2011), showing apparent unfair wealth distribution. The United States claims to have a large population of middle class, making up 80 percent of its total population, while there is only very few impoverished and extremely rich people (The China Press, October 13, 2011).

The median net worth: $891,506, was almost nine times the typical household (The USAToday, November 16, 2011). A commentary by the Spiegel said that the US has developed into an economic entity of "winners take all." American politician Larry Bartels said that fundamental shifts in wealth allocation was caused by political decisions rather than the consequences of market forces or financial crisis (The Spiegel, October 24, 2011).

Contrary to the wealthiest 10 percent, the number of Americans living in poverty as well as poverty rate continued to hit record high, which is a great irony in the affluent America.

A report published by the Census Bureau on September 13, 2011, showed that 46.2 million people lived below the official poverty line in 2010, 2.6 million more than 2009, hitting the highest record since 1959. The report also said that the percentage of American who lived below the poverty line in 2010 was 15.1 percent, the highest level since 1993.

The percentage of Americans who did not have enough money to buy food grew from 9percent in 2008 to 19 percent in 2011 (The World Journal, October 15, 2011). In 2010, 17.2million households, or 14.5 percent, were food insecure (www. Worldhunger. org). In 2011, 46million Americans lived on food stamps, about 15 percent of the total population, up 74 percent from 2007 (Reuters, August 22, 2011).

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Full Text of Human Rights Record of the UnitedStates in 2011

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